The fierce and warlike tribe, called the Huns, who’d driven the Goths to seek new homes, came from Asia into Southeastern Europe and took possession of a large territory lying north of the River Danube. During the first half of the fifth century, the Huns had a famous king named Attila. He was only 21 years old when he became their king. But although he was young, he was very brave and ambitious, and he wanted to be a great and powerful king. As soon as his army was ready, he marched with it into countries, which belonged to Rome. He defeated the Romans in several great battles and captured many of their cities. The Roman Emperor Theodosius had to ask for terms of peace. Attila agreed that there should be peace, but soon afterwards he found out that Theodosius had formed a plot to murder him. He was so enraged at this that he again began war. He plundered and burned cities wherever he went, and at last the emperor had to give him a large sum of money and a portion of the country south of the Danube.

A good title for the above paragraph would be __________.

A. The Burning of Rome

B. Emperor Theodosius

C. Attila the Hun

D. Rome for Dummies

Common sense says that the shade of a tree will help retain snow, and snow exposed to sunlight in open areas will melt. This typically is the case in regions where winter temperatures are below freezing, such as the Northeast, Midwest and most of central and eastern Canada. But in Mediterranean climates – where the average winter temperatures usually are above 30 degrees Fahrenheit – a different phenomenon occurs. Snow tends to melt under the tree canopy and stay more intact in open meadows or gaps in a forest. This happens in part because trees in warmer, maritime forests radiate heat in the form of long-wave radiation to a greater degree than the sky does. Heat radiating from the trees contributes to snow melting under the canopy first.

Which of these statements is true, given the information in the above passage?

A. There is always snow under trees in Canada.

B. Average winter temperatures in the Northeast, Midwest, and most of central and eastern Canada are generally below 30 degrees Fahrenheit.

C. Average winter temperatures in the Northeast, Midwest, and most of central and eastern Canada are generally above 30 degrees Fahrenheit.

D. It does not snow in Mediterranean climates.

Apparently, two sheriffs in the state of New York are finding fault with Governor Cuomo's recent gun control efforts. The men have gone so far as to state that they will not enforce gun law packages Cuomo has recently signed into law. Public statements to this effect have been made by the two law enforcement officials and Cuomo warned that the precedent they set could be dangerous. The officers’ intent does not appear to signify a new practice, however, as records show a general lack of enforcement of felony gun laws among sheriffs since 2010. State and local police have been the ones to file the majority of common gun-related charges (98%) during that time.

Based on the above passage, the reader can conclude that __________.

A. Gov. Cuomo is unaffected by the sheriff reaction to the new gun laws

B. sheriffs are not going to be the primary group to file felony gun charges

C. state and local police do not agree with the new gun laws in New York

D. Gov. Cuomo is going to take legal action against officers who do not comply with new laws

There was once a dog who used to snap at people and bite them without any provocation, and who was a great nuisance to everyone who came to his master's house. So his master fastened a bell round his neck to warn people of his presence. The dog was very proud of the bell, and strutted about tinkling it with immense satisfaction. But an old dog came up to him and said, "The fewer airs you give yourself the better, my friend. You don't think, do you, that your bell was given to you as a reward of merit? On the contrary, it is a badge of disgrace."

Aesop's Fable "The Mischievous Dog". William Caxton, 1484.

From the above passage, the reader can infer that the Aesop fable is teaching that __________.

A. being noticed does not always mean you are famous

B. the old dog did not understand why the master had put a bell on the dog

C. the dog was cleverer than he was given credit for

D. the master put the bell around the dog's neck so if he got lost he would be returned

There are several differences between reptiles and birds. One key difference involves the skeletal structure between the two and the fact that birds have wings. Reptiles have solid bones that are dense and they travel on land or in the water. Birds have hollow or pneumatic bones filled with air that are lighter and allow them to fly. In addition, birds have a lightweight beak instead of teeth, or a heavy jaw.

Birds __________.

A. can travel faster than reptiles

B. may have a heavy jaw

C. do not have teeth

D. have a solid bone structure